Equity theory is a concept of human relations based on utility, or the amount of happiness and satisfaction one gets out of any given relationship. Intimate theories of intimate relationships part i. It begins with a section on psychological wellbeing, including therapeutic models of gender, feminist goals of empowerment, multicultural feminism, and the borderlands of gender identity. Positive relationships are those in which the benefits outweigh the costs while negative relationships occur when the costs are greater than the benefits. Domestic violence and abuse in intimate relationship from. Social exchange in developing relationships sciencedirect. Some people are more aware of or at least talk more about their viewpoint on relationships than others. The study of interpersonal attraction is a major area of study in social psychology. Interpersonal attraction is the attraction between people which contributes to interpersonal relationships in general and friendships, romantic love and other intimate relationships in particular. The value of intimate relationships and the challenge of. Some people dismiss selfhelp books as drivel or a collection of common sense advice that they already know. Equity theory in some sense is related to motivationhygiene theory, in that it considers both demotivators and motivators. Communication networks and the development of romantic.
An open relationship, also known as nonexclusive relationship, is an intimate relationship that is sexually nonmonogamous. This suggests that the absorptionaddiction model is universally applicable. Equity theory in close relationships elaine hatfield and richard l. It explores the perceptions of humans regarding their inputs in the relationship and the outcomes they get. The equity theory of relationships is based on a theory developed by workplace and behavioral psychologist john stacey adams. Nov 25, 2015 top 10 love and relationship books the period after a breakup is the perfect time for a little postrelationship debriefing with trusted friends. Start studying intimate theories of intimate relationships part i. Until recently, however, equity principles have been examined only in casual role relations i. Specific hypotheses were made based on equity theory in social relations. Sometimes, love isnt enough to sustain a relationship.
Using the social exchange theory, equity theory and penetration theory, describe how relationships are maintained or ended. Stacy adams, a workplace and behavioral psychologist, who asserted that employees seek to maintain equity between the inputs that they bring to a. One of the main theories used to understand fairness is equity theory e. For example, among middleaged and older persons, there is an increase in lat relationships, which are noncohabiting intimate relationships in which a couple does not share the same household but selfidentifies and is recognized by their social network as a couple levin, 2004. Her current research interests involve psychology of women and organizational behavior. It is centered around a costbenefit analysis of any given relationship. Part of the springer series in social psychology book series sssoc. But there are many books that offer valuable insight into. According to equity theory, people feel most comfortable when they are.
Proponents of equity theory say the same is true of our intimate relationships. Social exchange in developing relationships is a collection of papers that deals with the systematic study of the development of relationships. What role does attachment style play in the level of intimacy shared in friendships or intimate relationships. Social exchange theory posits that all human relationships are formed by the use of a. It is conceptualized in more abstract and functional terms by sociologists, anthropologists, and political scientists. According to equity theory, when the ratio of contributions to rewards for 1 partner differs from that of the other, the relationship is out of balance. May 05, 2020 this book dispels some conventionally received ideas. The central questions in the present study are i when comparing themselves with the partner, to what extent do women feel more deprived than men in their relationship with regard to relational inputs and life outcomes. Using the social exchange theory, equity theory an. Mypoliscilab is a stateoftheart interactive and instructive solution for introductory american government courses that combines multimedia simulations, video debates, research support, and practice tests to make learning fun. This is similar in that it sees behaviour within relationships as a series of exchanges with people trying to maximise their rewards and minimise costs however the goal is not for profit but to achieve perceived fairness equity.
Equity theory project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. Jun 01, 2008 according to equity theory, when the ratio of contributions to rewards for 1 partner differs from that of the other, the relationship is out of balance. In this lesson, we discuss the importance of equality in a relationship by defining equity theory. According to equity theory, equity is calculated from both the individuals inputs and the resulting outcomes.
Intimate relationships covers both classic and current material in a concise yet thorough and rigorous manner. Psychological intimacy in the lasting relationships of. Social exchange theory is a social psychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. The most basic principle of the theory is encapsulated in the equation i. Equity theorists acknowledge that there are aspects of intimate relationships that set them apart and make them unique from casual relationships hatfield et al. Check back regularly to find your next favourite book. This access code card gives you access to all of mypoliscilabs gradeboosting resources.
Equity theory is also called inequity theory as it is the unequal difference that is often the area of interest. Social penetration theory was developed to explain how information exchange functions in the development and dissolution of interpersonal relationships. Social exchange theory suggests that we essentially take the benefits and subtract the costs in order to determine how much a relationship is worth. The validity of the lecron method of evaluating hypnotic depth. Any brand of any size can apply the principles of brand intimacy to succeed. A great deal of your success in relationshipsor lack thereofcan be explained by how you learned to relate to others throughout your childhood as well as later in life. New directions in the psychology of intimate relations. Equity theory attempts to explain relational satisfaction in terms of perceptions of fairunfair distributions of resources within interpersonal relationships. It can be used in personal life, government or business.
Her books include the application of social psychology to clinical practice, a recognized classic in the field, and intimate relationships, a highly regarded textbook. Equity overview of equity theory gender, family, development. Equity theory is a social psychological theory concerned with justice in all interpersonal relationships. The present study examined the relationships between caregiver quality of life hrql, caregiver role, relationship satisfaction, balance and reciprocity in caregivers of partners who had experienced a stroke. The caregiving relationship and quality of life among. Another theory for the maintenance of romantic relationships is equity theory. Dealing with equity and social exchange is farranging in scope. In intimate relationships, for example, perlman and duck 1986 argued that relationships go. This sentiment may have started with the beatles song, but chances are youve heard it dozens of times and used for different meanings. The roots of the aforementioned theories are located in several disciplines including. For example, schmid and klimmt 2011 studied levels of parasocial relationships with characters from the harry potter books in different cultures, and found similar levels of worship in germany individualist culture and mexico collectivist culture. Chapters range from attraction to love, attachment to jealousy, conflict to relationship dissolution all written in a warm, personal, and engaging voice. Social exchange theory set is a set of ideas derived from several theories e. The score is based on prevalence the percent of intimate users a brand has, as well as degree of intensity of the stages.
Equity theory may seem to be too simple to accommodate the complexity inherent in close relationships but the theory does account for intimate relationships. Equity theory is a conceptualization that focuses on the causes and consequences of peoples perceptions of equity and inequity in their relationships with others. International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosis, 9, 215221. This chapter applies this perspective to the study. From wikibooks, open books for an open world theory. This third edition has been thoroughly updated and revised to include the latest findings and topics in relationship science, including the role of the internet in todays relationships. Three reasons relationship equity is the new lead in a business context, relationship equity can come in the form of access to information, communities, individuals or markets. In this lesson, we define and discuss social exchange theory and what it predicts about romantic relationships. Sociological theoryequity theory wikibooks, open books for. Regardless of an individuals awareness or ones own theory of relationships, most people tend to treat their view of relationships as reality. Interpersonal relationship refers to a strong association amongst individuals with similar tastes, aspirations and interests in life. For thousands of years, philosophers, dramatists, and poets have speculated about intimacy. Its also a great time for some selfreflection about what youre looking for in a new relationship. It is essential for individuals to share a healthy relationship with each other not only for quicker delivery of results but also for a positive ambience at the workplace.
Unlike social exchange theory that argues how people try to maximise rewards and minimise costs in relationships, equity theory suggests that partners are concerned about fairness in relationships. Social exchange theory posits that all human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective costbenefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives. Sage reference handbook of theories of social psychology. Journal of invitational theory and practice, 2002, vol. Sociological theoryequity theory wikibooks, open books. For example, in our most recent study, apple was the highest ranked intimate brand, with a score of 77. Men and women are wired up to try to maximize pleasure and. Social comparison, equality, and relationship satisfaction. Search the worlds most comprehensive index of fulltext books. The dictionary meaning of the word equity is the quality of being fair and impartial. To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. Social exchange in developing relationships 1st edition. Intimate relationship social exchange equity theory crisis period intimate relation.
From wikibooks, open books for an open world theories of romantic relationships. Stacy adams in 1963 and fully developed in a chapter published 2 years later, equity theory draws on earlier social psychological concepts inspired by fritz heiders balance. Nov 06, 2014 they said that intimate partnership abuse can be found in all relationships, both samesex and heterosexual. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
This chapter examines the current status of the theorizing in equity and social exchange in human relationships and point the way to future developments. Social exchange theory in psychology verywell mind. Fairness is achieved when people feel they get approximately what they deserve from relationships. Do peoples interpersonal contributions and benefits influence the quality of.
This is the product access code card for mypoliscilab and does not include. Men who have been pulled away from their family by their work sometimes try to even the scales with expensive holidays. We also define and discuss the theory s three components. When appropriate, the authors discuss and evaluate popular ideas about intimate relationships in the context of scientific research. Following is a discussion of close relationships, including issues of intimacy, equity, and changing models of family. The term may refer to polyamory, but generally indicates a relationship where there is a primary emotional and intimate relationship between two partners, who agree to at least the possibility of intimacy with other people. Described earlier, these page 254theories have most often been used to study romantic relationships and marriage in particular, but exchange processes can. Equity theory and intimate relationships, in social exchange in developing relationships eds burgess r. The principles of brand intimacy branding strategy insider. Relationship theoriesselfother relationshipmost people have an implicit theory about how relationships work.
Its application to close relationships has been primarily advanced by elaine hatfield previously known as elaine walster and her colleagues in the book equity. Written in a unified voice, this text builds on the readerfriendly tone that was established in the first two editions. The papers discuss several theoretical perspectives, such as evolutionary theory, personality theory, cognitive developmental theory, equity theory, role theory, and attribution theory. According to equity theory, people feel most comfortable when they are getting exactly what they deserve from their relationshipsno more and certainly no less. Equity theory we will maintain a relationship that is equitable we are motivated to restore equity in inequitable relationships by changing how much input we put in or the amount demanded. The data on divorce lead us to conclude that intimate relationships have been failing apart for the last 20 years or so. The handbook of theories of social psychology is an essential resource for researchers and students of social psychology and related disciplines. This does not work well as they are trying to trade shortterm value money for longterm value emotion. In intimate relationships, fairness is also considered in the long run.