The most basic principle of the theory is encapsulated in the equation i. This chapter applies this perspective to the study. Social comparison, equality, and relationship satisfaction. Social exchange in developing relationships sciencedirect. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
The validity of the lecron method of evaluating hypnotic depth. In this lesson, we define and discuss social exchange theory and what it predicts about romantic relationships. Equity theory attempts to explain relational satisfaction in terms of perceptions of fairunfair distributions of resources within interpersonal relationships. Nov 25, 2015 top 10 love and relationship books the period after a breakup is the perfect time for a little postrelationship debriefing with trusted friends. The dictionary meaning of the word equity is the quality of being fair and impartial. The study of interpersonal attraction is a major area of study in social psychology. But there are many books that offer valuable insight into. The ben franklin effect relates closely to cognitive dissonance theory, and generally suggests that someone who does a. Positive relationships are those in which the benefits outweigh the costs while negative relationships occur when the costs are greater than the benefits. Equity overview of equity theory gender, family, development. Fairness is achieved when people feel they get approximately what they deserve from relationships. Equity theory is a concept of human relations based on utility, or the amount of happiness and satisfaction one gets out of any given relationship.
The present study examined the relationships between caregiver quality of life hrql, caregiver role, relationship satisfaction, balance and reciprocity in caregivers of partners who had experienced a stroke. Journal of invitational theory and practice, 2002, vol. Until recently, however, equity principles have been examined only in casual role relations i. This suggests that the absorptionaddiction model is universally applicable. Start studying intimate theories of intimate relationships part i. The value of intimate relationships and the challenge of. The central questions in the present study are i when comparing themselves with the partner, to what extent do women feel more deprived than men in their relationship with regard to relational inputs and life outcomes.
Some people dismiss selfhelp books as drivel or a collection of common sense advice that they already know. It is essential for individuals to share a healthy relationship with each other not only for quicker delivery of results but also for a positive ambience at the workplace. It explores the perceptions of humans regarding their inputs in the relationship and the outcomes they get. Stacy adams, a workplace and behavioral psychologist, who asserted that employees seek to maintain equity between the inputs that they bring to a.
Regardless of an individuals awareness or ones own theory of relationships, most people tend to treat their view of relationships as reality. Some people are more aware of or at least talk more about their viewpoint on relationships than others. Sometimes, love isnt enough to sustain a relationship. Social exchange in developing relationships is a collection of papers that deals with the systematic study of the development of relationships. This access code card gives you access to all of mypoliscilabs gradeboosting resources. An open relationship, also known as nonexclusive relationship, is an intimate relationship that is sexually nonmonogamous. Proponents of equity theory say the same is true of our intimate relationships. In intimate relationships, fairness is also considered in the long run. Using the social exchange theory, equity theory and penetration theory, describe how relationships are maintained or ended.
Equity theory in some sense is related to motivationhygiene theory, in that it considers both demotivators and motivators. The theory has roots in economics, psychology and sociology. For example, among middleaged and older persons, there is an increase in lat relationships, which are noncohabiting intimate relationships in which a couple does not share the same household but selfidentifies and is recognized by their social network as a couple levin, 2004. Psychological intimacy in the lasting relationships of. According to equity theory, people feel most comfortable when they are getting exactly what they deserve from their relationshipsno more and certainly no less. Social exchange theory posits that all human relationships are formed by the use of a. Intimate relationships covers both classic and current material in a concise yet thorough and rigorous manner. Intimate theories of intimate relationships part i.
For example, schmid and klimmt 2011 studied levels of parasocial relationships with characters from the harry potter books in different cultures, and found similar levels of worship in germany individualist culture and mexico collectivist culture. Interpersonal relationship refers to a strong association amongst individuals with similar tastes, aspirations and interests in life. Mypoliscilab is a stateoftheart interactive and instructive solution for introductory american government courses that combines multimedia simulations, video debates, research support, and practice tests to make learning fun. This third edition has been thoroughly updated and revised to include the latest findings and topics in relationship science, including the role of the internet in todays relationships. When appropriate, the authors discuss and evaluate popular ideas about intimate relationships in the context of scientific research. According to equity theory, equity is calculated from both the individuals inputs and the resulting outcomes. Her books include the application of social psychology to clinical practice, a recognized classic in the field, and intimate relationships, a highly regarded textbook. Sage reference handbook of theories of social psychology. In intimate relationships, for example, perlman and duck 1986 argued that relationships go. Using the social exchange theory, equity theory an. Domestic violence and abuse in intimate relationship from. Equity theory is also called inequity theory as it is the unequal difference that is often the area of interest. This does not work well as they are trying to trade shortterm value money for longterm value emotion.
Chapters range from attraction to love, attachment to jealousy, conflict to relationship dissolution all written in a warm, personal, and engaging voice. Three reasons relationship equity is the new lead in a business context, relationship equity can come in the form of access to information, communities, individuals or markets. Equity theory project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. The principles of brand intimacy branding strategy insider. Communication in relationships 2nd edition 9781412949538 by laura k. The roots of the aforementioned theories are located in several disciplines including. This is similar in that it sees behaviour within relationships as a series of exchanges with people trying to maximise their rewards and minimise costs however the goal is not for profit but to achieve perceived fairness equity.
Miller, daniel perlman, and susan campbell preserves the personal appeal of the subject matter and vigorous standards of scholarship that made the earlier editions so successful. Men and women are wired up to try to maximize pleasure and. Equity theory may seem to be too simple to accommodate the complexity inherent in close relationships but the theory does account for intimate relationships. Stacy adams in 1963 and fully developed in a chapter published 2 years later, equity theory draws on earlier social psychological concepts inspired by fritz heiders balance. Equity theory is a social psychological theory concerned with justice in all interpersonal relationships. The score is based on prevalence the percent of intimate users a brand has, as well as degree of intensity of the stages. Described earlier, these page 254theories have most often been used to study romantic relationships and marriage in particular, but exchange processes can. Nov 06, 2014 they said that intimate partnership abuse can be found in all relationships, both samesex and heterosexual. Unlike social exchange theory that argues how people try to maximise rewards and minimise costs in relationships, equity theory suggests that partners are concerned about fairness in relationships. Then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer no kindle device required. It is conceptualized in more abstract and functional terms by sociologists, anthropologists, and political scientists. The handbook of theories of social psychology is an essential resource for researchers and students of social psychology and related disciplines.
Do peoples interpersonal contributions and benefits influence the quality of. What role does attachment style play in the level of intimacy shared in friendships or intimate relationships. From wikibooks, open books for an open world theories of romantic relationships. According to equity theory, people feel most comfortable when they are. International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosis, 9, 215221. Part of the springer series in social psychology book series sssoc. Dealing with equity and social exchange is farranging in scope.
One of the main theories used to understand fairness is equity theory e. Before we present our case for equity theory and intimate relationships, we must point out that while this is probably the most interesting of our chapters, it is, necessarily, the most theoretical and speculative. May 05, 2020 this book dispels some conventionally received ideas. Considered one of the justice theories, equity theory was first developed in 1963 by j. Relationship theoriesselfother relationshipmost people have an implicit theory about how relationships work. New directions in the psychology of intimate relations. To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. Specific hypotheses were made based on equity theory in social relations. For thousands of years, philosophers, dramatists, and poets have speculated about intimacy. This is the product access code card for mypoliscilab and does not include. The caregiving relationship and quality of life among.
It is centered around a costbenefit analysis of any given relationship. Check back regularly to find your next favourite book. Social exchange in developing relationships 1st edition. Sociological theoryequity theory wikibooks, open books for. Social penetration theory was developed to explain how information exchange functions in the development and dissolution of interpersonal relationships. It begins with a section on psychological wellbeing, including therapeutic models of gender, feminist goals of empowerment, multicultural feminism, and the borderlands of gender identity. In this lesson, we discuss the importance of equality in a relationship by defining equity theory. Following is a discussion of close relationships, including issues of intimacy, equity, and changing models of family. Equity theory in close relationships elaine hatfield and richard l. This chapter examines the current status of the theorizing in equity and social exchange in human relationships and point the way to future developments. From wikibooks, open books for an open world theory. Social exchange theory is a social psychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. Equity theory we will maintain a relationship that is equitable we are motivated to restore equity in inequitable relationships by changing how much input we put in or the amount demanded. Men who have been pulled away from their family by their work sometimes try to even the scales with expensive holidays.
A great deal of your success in relationshipsor lack thereofcan be explained by how you learned to relate to others throughout your childhood as well as later in life. Equity theory and intimate relationships, in social exchange in developing relationships eds burgess r. Social exchange theory suggests that we essentially take the benefits and subtract the costs in order to determine how much a relationship is worth. The papers discuss several theoretical perspectives, such as evolutionary theory, personality theory, cognitive developmental theory, equity theory, role theory, and attribution theory. Social exchange theory posits that all human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective costbenefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives. According to equity theory, when the ratio of contributions to rewards for 1 partner differs from that of the other, the relationship is out of balance. The data on divorce lead us to conclude that intimate relationships have been failing apart for the last 20 years or so.
For example, in our most recent study, apple was the highest ranked intimate brand, with a score of 77. Interpersonal attraction is the attraction between people which contributes to interpersonal relationships in general and friendships, romantic love and other intimate relationships in particular. Jun 01, 2008 according to equity theory, when the ratio of contributions to rewards for 1 partner differs from that of the other, the relationship is out of balance. Intimate relationship social exchange equity theory crisis period intimate relation. This sentiment may have started with the beatles song, but chances are youve heard it dozens of times and used for different meanings. Another theory for the maintenance of romantic relationships is equity theory. Equity theory is a conceptualization that focuses on the causes and consequences of peoples perceptions of equity and inequity in their relationships with others. Written in a unified voice, this text builds on the readerfriendly tone that was established in the first two editions. The term may refer to polyamory, but generally indicates a relationship where there is a primary emotional and intimate relationship between two partners, who agree to at least the possibility of intimacy with other people.
Respondents completed questionnaires and participated in telephone interviews three months later. Search the worlds most comprehensive index of fulltext books. Equity theory proposes that individuals in social exchange relationships compare each other the ratios of their inputs into the exchange to their outcomes from the exchange. Any brand of any size can apply the principles of brand intimacy to succeed. We also define and discuss the theory s three components. It can be used in personal life, government or business. Its application to close relationships has been primarily advanced by elaine hatfield previously known as elaine walster and her colleagues in the book equity. Her current research interests involve psychology of women and organizational behavior. Its also a great time for some selfreflection about what youre looking for in a new relationship. Equity theorists acknowledge that there are aspects of intimate relationships that set them apart and make them unique from casual relationships hatfield et al. Social exchange theory in psychology verywell mind.